Dynastic chivalric order bestowed in exile (1946-) Īfter Italy became a republic in 1946, the order was effectively replaced by the government's Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. īrought back in favour by King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, the order was sparingly conferred for distinguished service in military and civilian affairs as an exclusive award compared with the more common Order of the Crown of Italy. The formerly related Maurician medal for Military Merit of fifty years, established in 1839, was one of the few medals not suppressed by the Italian republic, becoming the Maurician medal of Merit for 50 years military career in 1954. With the Italian unification (1860-1871), the order became a de facto Italian state order for military and civilian merits, consisting of five classes: Knight Grand Cross, Knight Grand Officer, Knight Commander, Knight Officer and Knight. King and Grand Master Umberto II of Italy visiting Cairo, Egypt During medieval times, the Order of Saint Lazarus maintained a number of hospitals, including an institution in the Italian city of Capua. With papal support, the Duke of Savoy became Grand Master in 1572. In the 16th century, the order declined in credibility and wealth. With the fall of Acre in 1291, the Knights of Saint Lazarus emigrated from the Holy Land and Egypt and settled in France and, in 1311, in Naples. It became rich, its practices dubious, and its funds eventually abused. From its inception, the order was concerned with the relief of leprosy and other illnesses, and many of its members were lepers who had been knights in other orders. Those knights protected Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. 1119, can be traced to the establishment around 1100, of a hospital for leprosy in Jerusalem, Kingdom of Jerusalem, by a group of crusaders who called themselves "Brothers of Saint Lazarus". The Order also has roster consultative status with the United Nations, as part of the U.N.'s ECOSOC. The order is estimated to include about 2,000 members around the world, with about 200 in the United States. The order's military and noble nature was and is still combined with a Roman Catholic character.Īfter the abolition of the monarchy and the foundation of the Italian Republic in 1946, the legacy of the order is maintained by the pretenders of the House of Savoy and the Italian throne in exile. Originally a chivalric order of noble nature, it was restricted to subjects of noble families with proofs of at least eight noble great-grandparents. The order was formerly awarded by the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) with the heads of the House of Savoy as the Kings of Italy. However Vittorio Emanuele's cousin once removed Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta claims to be grand master as his father claimed to be head of the house of Savoy. The Grand Master is, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, also known as the Duke of Savoy, the eldest son of the last King of Italy, Umberto II of Italy. In that bull, Pope Gregory XIII bestowed upon Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy and his Savoy successors, the right to confer this knighthood in perpetuity. It is the second-oldest order of knighthood in the world, tracing its lineage to AD 1098, and it is one of the rare orders of knighthood recognized by papal bull, in this case by Pope Gregory XIII. The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus ( Italian: Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro) (abbreviated OSSML) is a Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood bestowed by the royal House of Savoy. Royal Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation The Order also has roster consultative status with the United Nations, as part of the U.N.'s ECOSOC.Prince Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice (according to the Victorian side of the dynastical dispute) Prince Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy, Prince of Venice (according to the Victorian side of the dynastical dispute)
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |